Nutritional Requirements for the Elderly

Geriatric Nutrition

International Day of Older Persons – October 1, 2022

Geriatrics is the study of the chronic diseases frequently associated with aging, including diagnosis and treatment. In aging adults, nutrition care is not limited to disease management or medical nutrition therapy but has broadened to have a stronger focus on healthy lifestyles and disease prevention.

Nutrition Needs

Many older adults have special nutrient requirements because aging affects absorption, use and excretion of nutrients (Bernstein et al, 2012).

After Age 60 years

Energy requirements are estimated to be up to 25-35 kcal/kg IBW (IDEAL BODY WEIGHT), the minimum protein requirement is 1 g protein/kg of body weight with newer evidence supporting up to 1.2 g/kg.

In those individuals with impaired renal function or longstanding diabetes, 0.8 g/kg to 1.0 g/kg may be more appropriate.

Protein distribution evenly throughout the day with no single serving exceeding 30 g should be a goal.

Key Recommendations for Older Adults

• A balanced intake of calories can help maintain optimum weight. By reducing salt intake, sugar intake and by minimizing processed food and fats, a healthy style of food consumption can be established. Indulging in regular exercise also helps immensely.
• Concentrate on increasing intake of food and drinks rich in nutrients. Choose fat free or low-fat dairy options and protein rich foods like sea food, lean meat, eggs, etc.
• Choose vegetables, fruits, whole grains and milk and milk products for more potassium, dietary fiber, calcium and vitamin D as nutrients of concern. Eat a variety of vegetables, especially dark-green and red and orange vegetables, beans and peas. Consume at least half of all grains as whole grains.
• Nutrient needs should be met primarily through consuming foods. When needed, fortified foods and dietary supplements may be useful in providing one or more nutrients that otherwise might be consumed in less than recommended amounts. Consume foods fortified with vitamin B12, such as fortified cereals, or dietary supplements.
• Two eating patterns that are beneficial are vegetarian adaptations and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Eating Plan.
• Individuals should meet the following recommendations as part of a healthy eating pattern while staying within their calorie needs.

Mahan, L. K., Escott-Stump, S., & Krause, M. V. (2008). Krause’s food & nutrition therapy. 12th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.; Edinburgh, Elsevier Saunders, Pg. No.- 367-381.

SAMPLE MENU – Calories: 1800 kcal / 70g protein