INTRA-OPERATIVE
Chapter 27
Nasal intubation Post Pharyngoplasty – Oral First for Nasal Intubation
Dr. Vasanthi Vidyasagaran*
Department of Anaesthesiology, Kauvery Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
*Correspondence: Vasanthi.vidyasagaran@gmail.com
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A 4-year-old, female child weighing 12 kg was posted for correction of a congenital club foot. History of birth and early years were uneventful. Normal milestones achieved. Immunization was given up to date. On examination, the child was malnourished. She was pale, had angular stomatitis. She was mildly lethargic but otherwise her mentation was normal. There was no evidence of any other congenital anomalies. On auscultation of chest, no added sounds were present. Hb was 9 g. The surgery was planned under general anaesthesia with a caudal block.
She was premedicated with Inj. Atropine 0.2 mg and Inj. Fentanyl 25 mic g Induced with thiopentone 50 mg and intubated with atracurium 10 mg using a size 5 cuffed oral ETT. 5 ml 0.25 % bupivacaine was given into Caudal space under aseptic conditions.
Anaesthesia was maintained with Halothane, 50:50 Oxygen: nitrous oxide mixture. She was manually ventilated throughout surgery with a paediatric Jackson Rees circuit. After 45 minutes, the bag felt tight and there were secretions in the lung. The heart rate increased to 130/min and the saturation dropped to 94. 100% oxygen was given and another 25 micgm fentanyl to maintain the plane of anaesthesia. Auscultation revealed bilateral crepitations. There was no kink in the tube and the total fluid administered was 50 ml in the previous hour. 10 mg Lasix, followed by another 10 mgs, and positive pressure ventilation with 100 % oxygen. Fortunately, this improved the condition and the surgery was completed. She was reversed and extubated comfortably. The cause of this transient pulmonary oedema could not be deciphered.
Patient was referred to the Pediatrician. He suspected B1 deficiency.
Post operative echo study showed global hypokinesia and moderate LV dysfunction. Serum B1 assay confirmed the diagnosis of wet beri beri. Over the next week, a course of B1 thiamine injections improved her condition and the echo returned to normal. She was discharged without any further sequelae.
Discussion
This was an interesting case of intraoperative pulmonary oedema in a paediatric patient who was posted for an elective orthopaedic procedure. Routine preoperative examination and investigations do not always highlight specific pathology like malnutrition.
Malnutrition is a still common clinical presentation in paediatric population in Indian community, in lower socioeconomic groups although efforts have been taken to improve nutrition. Hence it is all the more important for us to clinically suspect and identify malnutrition with care and ask for specific investigations if necessary. Simple treatment will prevent future problems in these patients.
Beri beri is a deficiency disease caused by Thiamine deficiency, predominant in rice eating population. Thiamine plays an important role in glucose metabolism.
t risk patient groups: Dietary deficiency due to poor intake, (chronic alcoholism), malabsorption syndromes, post bowel surgery, post bariatric surgery.
Deficiency has variable impact:
(1). Dry Beriberi: N-Methyl D- aspartate receptor mediated Neurotoxicity is implicated. (Wernicke encephalopathy) Typically, these patients have polyneuritis, ascending paralysis, progressive weakness, and encephalopathy in severe cases. Korsakoff syndrome is triad of confusion, memory loss and confabulation.
(2). Dry Beriberi: N-Methyl D- aspartate receptor mediated Neurotoxicity is implicated. (Wernicke encephalopathy) Typically, these patients have polyneuritis, ascending paralysis, progressive weakness, and encephalopathy in severe cases. Korsakoff syndrome is triad of confusion, memory loss and confabulation.
Our patient was an undiagnosed case of Beriberi, who presented with cardiac failure under anaesthesia during surgery, which was quite rare and totally unexpected.
Malnutrition related diseases and their serious implications is something to bear in mind while anaesthetizing such patient groups.
In this patient, the pulmonary oedema was first managed clinically and the cause was established only in the post-operative period.
References
- Aasheim ET. Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg. 2008 Nov. 248(5):714-20
- Martin PR, Singleton CK, Hiller-Sturmhofel S. The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease.Alcohol Res Health. 2003. 27(2):134-42
- World Health Organization. Thiamine Deficiency and its prevention and control in major emergencies. 1999. Available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/WHO_NHD_99.13.pdf.
Chapter 28
Phenylephrine Eye Drops in a Child
Child for examination of eye under anaesthesia
A 3-year-old boy weighing 15 kilograms with visual problems was posted for examination of eye under anaesthesia. He was very violent and uncooperative. It was posted as an outpatient procedure.
10 mg of Ketamine, and 1mg midazolam were given IV slowly. He was oxygenated with nasal prongs and he was breathing spontaneously. Routine monitoring with sao2 ECG and NIBP were done.
The surgeon applied topical Phenylephrine eye drops into both the eyes. As the surgeon began to examine the eye, there was tachycardia, and ventricular arrhythmia on the monitor. They were brief and resolved very quickly. No other clinical changes were observed. He was not given any other medication. The procedure was over within five minutes, and patient made an uneventful recovery.
Fortunately, the arrhythmia reverted to sinus rhythm without having to intervene. This could have been due to drug interactions between ketamine and phenylephrine.
Discussion
It is not advisable to start even minor ophthalmic procedures under local anaesthesia without the presence of an anaesthesiologist, and a proper theatre setting with all necessary resuscitation equipment.
Ophthalmic general anaesthesia is often challenging, because patient groups involved are usually extremes of age with comorbidities, requiring particular attention to detail. Paediatric ophthalmic anaesthesia is a great challenge as these children invariably have co-existing congenital anomalies and are often syndromic children with difficult airway. They may also be brought for repeated procedures requiring multiple anaesthesia during a short span of time.
Anaesthesia for ophthalmic procedures is not given its due importance in the curriculum during training of a post-graduate in anaesthesia. They are not exposed to the problems and complications peculiar to the speciality, and have to depend solely on the theoretical knowledge to deal with problems during practice. Hopefully this situation will change in future.
References
- Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT, Jensvold B. Adverse systemic effects from pledgets of topical ocular phenylephrine 10%. Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 134: 624-5?
- Baldwin FJ, Morley AP. Intraoperative pulmonary oedema in a child following systemic absorption of phenylephrine eye drops. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88: 440- 2.
- Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK. Clinical Anaesthesia. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2006: 974-998
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- Why Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) For complete heart block? A case discussion
- Pacemakers and Bradyarrhythmias in Diabetic Mellitus
- Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty in patients aged 70 years and above
- An approach to CBC for practitioners
- Acute cerebral sinus venous thrombosis with different presentations and different outcomes: A case series
- Diet and nutritional care for DDLT: A case study
- Vaccine for Dengue (Dengvaxia CYD-TDV)
- Diagnostic Image
- Learning from Experience – Intra Operative, Chapters 31 and 32
- Recommended Readings
- காவிரித்தாய்
- ATLAS OF HAEMATOLOGY AND HEMATOONCOLOGY
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Case reports and Case series:
- Usefulness of NEWS 2 score in monitoring patients with cytokine storm of COVID-19 pneumonia
- Treatment approach for extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB)
- Modified Lichtenstein mesh repair, for a patient of Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Failure and with Implanted Cardioverter- Defibrillator
- Fever-induced Brugada Syndrome
- Pulmonary Thrombo Embolism: When to Thrombolyse?
- Ultra-Short Case Report
- Learning from the failure of Nebacumab
- Journal scan
- Learning From Experience Intra Operative Chapters 29 and 30
- Recommended Readings
- Poem
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Heart transplantation: Life beyond the end of life
- Azithromycin to Prevent Sepsis or Death in Women Planning a Vaginal
- Medial retropharyngeal nodal region sparing radiotherapy versus standard radiotherapy
- Proximie: Patient safety in surgery – the urgent need for reform
- Analysis of femoral neck fracture in octogenarians and its management
- Adult Immunisation in Clinical Practice: A Neglected Life Saver
- “Icing” The Eyes
- Doppler vascular mapping in Arterio Venous Fistula (AVF)
- Cosmesis and cure: Radiotherapy in basal cell carcinoma of the dorsum of nose – A case report
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Portal Hypertension
- Comprehensive review of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity
- Statistics – Data Collection – Case Study Method
- Atlas of Haematology and Hematooncology
- PRE-OPERATIVE Chapters 1 and 2 – Learning from Experience
- Chapter 2. Uncertainties in medicine in spite of advances
- No Splendid Child
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- A Young Girl Lost in the Storm
- ECMO as a bridge to Transplant: A case report
- Renal anemia – from bench to bedside
- Mission Possible
- New kids on the block – Update on diabetic nephropathy therapy
- Infections – Trade off in Transplants
- To Give Or Not to Give – Primer on Bicarbonate Therapy
- Sialendoscopy: Shifting paradigms in treatment of salivary gland disease
- Gait imbalance in a senior due to Chronic Immune Sensory Polyneuropathy (CISP)
- Statistics – Mcnemar Test
- Atlas Of Haematology And Hematooncology
- PRE-OPERATIVE Chapters 3 and 4 – Learning from Experience
- Changing trends a challenge to the already trained
- Journal scan
- Recommended Readings
- EDITORIAL
- EDITORIAL BOARD
- PREGNANCY POST-RENAL TRANSPLANT
- BALLOON-OCCLUDED RETROGRADE TRANSVENOUS OBLITERATION
- REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY FOR ROTATOR CUFF ARTHROPATHY
- THE AMBUSH A TEAM APPROACH
- ENDOSCOPIC TRANS-SPHENOID APPROACH FOR PITUITARY ADENOMA EXCISION
- A STUDY ON PRESENTATION AND OUTCOME OF BULL GORE INJURIES IN A GROUP OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS
- A CASE OF INTERNUCLEAR OPHTHALMOPARESIS AS THE FIRST MANIFESTATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
- GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGITIS AND LUNG INVOLVMENT (WEGENER’S DISEASE)
- RITUXIMAB (RITUXAN, MABTHERA) IN THE TREATMENT OF B-CELL NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
- STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
- Atlas Of Haematology And Hematooncology
- PRE-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 5 AND 6 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- Chapter 4: Diagnostic process often reversed
- Journal scan: A review of 25 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- Recommended Readings
- ஆரோக்கியம் நம் கையில்
- வெற்றியின் பாதை
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a multi-speciality hospital orthopaedic outpatient clinic
- Esomeprazole induced Hypoglycemia
- Dynamic external fixator for unstable intra articular fractures of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP): “Suzuki” frame
- How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? A Practical Guide, Springer Nature, 2022
- WINTNCON 2022 – Scientific Program
- Pulmonary Thrombo Embolism: A state of the art review
- Role of Artificial Intelligence in improving EHR/EMR and Medical Coding and billing
- Monoclonal Antibodies: Edrecolomab and Abciximab
- Atlas of haematology and hematooncology
- Journal scan
- Learning from Experience – Intra Operative, Chapters 31 and 32
- What doctors must learn: Doctor, look beyond science
- Recommended Readings
- I Whisper Secrets In My Ear
- EDITORIAL
- Instructions for Authors
- Mismatched Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation in a 10-year-old boy with relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia, at Trichy
- ST-Segment Elevation is not always Myocardial Infarction
- Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease, repaired, evolves into a Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease and presents with an atrial tachycardia
- Family medicine – caring for you for the whole of your life. A Lost and Found Art
- The Principles and Practice of Family Medicine
- Complete Heart Block
- Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)
- The First Ever National Award Comes to Kauvery Hospital Chennai & Heart City for Safety and Workforce Category in IMC RBNQA Milestone Merits Recognition 2022
- Diagnostic Image
- PRE-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 7 AND 7 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- Chapter 5: Super-specialist – boon or bane
- Journal scan: A review of 42 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- RECOMMENDED READINGS
- நேரம் ஒதுக்கு
- மருத்துவரின் மகத்துவம்
- EDITORIAL
- Instructions for Authors
- Surgical Management of Covid-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral-Mucormycosis (Ca-Rocm) – A Single Centre Experience
- Knee Joint Preservation Surgeries
- Guest Editorial Comments
- Ventricular Septal (VSR) closure with ASD device
- Newer Calcium Debulking Angioplasty technique of Orbital Atherectomy
- An hour-long CPR to restart the heart
- VT or SVT with aberrancy?
- Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET)
- VSD Device Closure
- PDA Device Closure
- Iron Deficiency Anemia, Post MVR
- Torsades de Pointes
- Quality improvement project to Reducing the Malnutrition Rate of ICU patients from 43% to 20%
- Long term use of Amiodarone in Cardiac patients: A Clinical Audit
- Statistical Independent Events and Probability
- PERI-OPERATIVE Chapters 9 and 10 – Learning from Experience
- Journal scan: A review of 40 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- EDITORIAL
- Kauverian Medical Journal
- First da Vinci Robotic Surgery in Carcinoma Prostate: A Case Report
- Black burden or Taylor the saviour: A case report
- Analysis of differences in Oncology practice between the United Kingdom and India
- A Case of Takayasu Arteritis
- Idiopathic Dilated Pulmonary Artery (IDPA)
- ECG Atlas
- Unusual cause of Dysphagia: A case report
- Tu Youyou: The scientist who discovered artemisinin
- Continuing Nursing Education (CNE) on Risk assessment tools, to assess vulnerable patients at Kauvery Hospital, Tennur
- DIAGNOSTIC IMAGE
- PRE-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 11 AND 12 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- OLD AND NEW – MAKE THE BEST OF THE TWO
- Journal scan: A review of 30 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- Recommended Readings
- EDITORIAL
- INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS
- A pregnant patient with DKA, septic shock and a lactate mystery
- Radical Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis through Partial Sternotomy approach: A report on three patients
- In-utero blood transfusion in two etiologically distinct anaemic fetus
- RARE CAUSE OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
- Acute Rheumatic fever is still an enigma
- A remarkable journey: Managing LQTS in a 43-year-old female with recurrent syncope and seizure
- An unusual case of Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Reversible cause of severe LV Dysfunction in Left Bundle Branch Block
- A case study on Rhino-Orbital-Cerebro- Mucormycosis
- Snakebite and its management
- Total Elbow arthroplasty in Post Traumatic arthritis
- Wellens Syndrome: An ECG finding not to miss!
- Dr. C.R. Rao Wins Top Statistics Award a look back at his pioneering work
- PRE-OPERATIVE Chapters 13 and 14 – Learning from Experience
- Chapter 7. Doctor-patient relationship
- Journal scan: A review of 30 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- EDITORIAL
- INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS
- FROZEN ELEPHANT TRUNK (FET) PROCEDURE IN A 52 YEARS OLD CHRONIC AORTIC DISSECTION PATIENT
- DIAGNOSING AND MANAGING EISENMENGER SYNDROME IN A YOUNG MALE
- STEMI EQUIVALENT BUT STEMI!
- TEMPORARY HEAL CAN POSSIBLY KILL!
- UNDERSTANDING PUBERTY
- THE IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS IN HEALTHCARE
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 44 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- DIAGNOSTIC IMAGE
- PRE-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 15 AND 16 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 8. DOCTOR-DOCTOR RELATIONSHIP
- EDITORIAL
- GUEST EDITORIAL
- CLINICAL AUDIT: AN INTRODUCTION
- YOUNG ACS AUDIT
- CLINICAL AUDIT: ANAESTHESIA
- CLINICAL OUTCOME IN ICU PATIENTS
- RATE OF MALIGNANCY IN INDETERMINATE OVARIAN CYST – A PROCESS AUDIT
- PATTERNS OF NEEDLE DISPOSAL AMONG INSULIN USING PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: AN AUDIT
- CONTINUOUS PATIENT MONITORING – LIFE SIGNS
- AGE IS JUST A NUMBER!
- SVT WITH LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK FOLLOWING GASTRECTOMY
- COMPLEX AORTIC DISSECTION WITH MULTIFACETED CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS
- EDITORIAL
- POST-OPERATIVE SORE THROAT IN GA: A CONCERN
- NEONATAL HLH: OUR EXPERIENCE
- CLINICAL REVIEW MEET 16TH NOV 2023: CHALLENGES IN SETTING UP A NEW HSCT CENTRE IN A TIER-2 CITY IN INDIA
- CARDIAC BIOMARKERS: CLINICAL UTILITY
- HIRAYAMA DISEASE: A CLINICAL-RADIOLOGICAL REVIEW
- ECG AS A WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY: FOR HYPERKALEMIA
- EFFECTIVENESS OF ROOD’S APPROACH BASED PAEDIATRIC OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT: ON CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL MUSCULAR TORTICOLLIS
- ELTROMBOPAG, A NOVEL THROMBOPOIETIN (TPO) RECEPTOR AGONIST: AN OVERVIEW
- HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA
- SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND SIALADENITIS SECONDARY TO SUBMANDIBULAR CALCULUS
- LEAN HOSPITALS
- STATISTICS BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL
- PERI-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 17 AND 18 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 9. BUILDING BLOCKS OF PATIENT CARE
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 30 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- EDITORIAL
- INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
- ROTATHON-SERIES OF SUCCESSFUL ROTA CASES LAST 2 MONTHS: AN AUDIT
- OUTCOMES OF AKI AUDIT IN KAUVERY
- ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN KAUVERY CANTONMENT HOSPITAL (KCN), TRICHY
- USE OF BLOOD PRODUCTS AND STEROIDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE AT KAUVERY TRICHY HOSPITALS: A CLINICAL AUDIT
- A CLINICAL AUDIT: ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
- DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS WITH HIGH ANION GAP METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- HYPOKALEMIC PARALYSIS FROM DISTAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS (TYPE-1)
- DELAYED PRESENTATION OF INTERMEDIATE SYNDROME IN A PATIENT WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING: A CASE REPORT
- SCAPULA FRACTURES: DO WE NEED TO FIX THEM?
- SPONTANEOUS CSF RHINORRHEA
- DANCING WITH DIABETES: AN UNUSUAL CASE OF CHOREA HYPERGLYCEMIA BASAL GANGLIA SYNDROME
- CONVALESCENT RASH OF DENGUE
- ECG ATLAS 2
- MI MIMICKER
- PERFORATION PERITONITIS-A CASE REPORT
- APPLICATION OF EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY WITH FUNCTIONAL DIFFICULTIES: ROLE OF THE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE GUIDELINES
- METHOTREXATE INDUCED MUCOSITIS AND PANCYTOPENIA: A CONSEQUENCE OF MEDICATION ERROR IN A PSORIASIS PATIENT
- POST OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 1 AND 2 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 10. NURTURING SELF
- விடாமுயற்சி வெற்றி தரும்
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 26 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- EDITORIAL
- EDITORIAL BOARD
- LIMB SALVAGE IN EXTREMITY VASCULAR TRAUMA: OUR EXPERIENCE
- MANAGEMENT OF URETHRAL CATHETER RELATED PAIN IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A CLINICAL AUDIT
- NO PAIN VEIN GAIN WITH PRILOX IN PAEDIATRIC POPULATION
- GUIDELINE-DIRECTED MEDICAL TREATMENT (GDMT) OF HEART FAILURE AT KAUVERY HOSPITALS: A CLINICAL AUDIT
- PATIENTS STORY: DIGNITY MATTERS
- PATIENTS STORY: DIGNITY MATTERS
- VIDEO PRESENTATION- CT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
- DRUG INDUCED HYPERKALEMIA
- ADULT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
- EXPLORING COMPLEX CARDIAC CASES: INSIGHTS FROM DIVERSE PRESENTATIONS IN MID-AGED WOMEN
- EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVITY CONFIGURATION APPROACH BASED OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTION FOR CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL MUSCULAR TORTICOLLIS: A CASE STUDY
- CARDIOMYOPATHY AND ITS ECHO FINDINGS
- THE STRESS TEST ON THE TREADMILL
- POST OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 3 AND 4 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 11. BALANCE IN LIFE BEYOND BANK BALANCES
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 30 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- காணும் பொங்கலும் மனித மன மாற்றமும்
- EDITORIAL
- INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
- PREVALENCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPES IN AND AROUND TRICHY AND ITS CLINICAL RELEVANCE
- ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF A PATIENT WITH HUGE GOITER: A CASE REPORT
- EUGLYCEMIC DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS A RARE CAUSE FOR DELAYED EXTUBATION
- SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY IN ASD PATIENT – COMPLICATED BY SEVERE PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
- ENDOCRINE COMPLICATION OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETING TUMOR: A CASE REPORT
- EFFICACY OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES OF PAEDIATRIC OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ON ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS: A CASE REPORT
- POST OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 5 AND 6 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 12. MILES TO GO – BEFORE TEACHING BECOMES LEARNING
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 26 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- காவேரி – 25
- POEM – மண்ணில் பிறந்தது சாதிப்பதற்குத்தான்