Understanding and Managing Arthritis: Causes, Treatment, and Lifestyle Recommendations

Introduction:

Arthritis refers to joint pain and swelling, which can have various causes. Like identifying the cause of a fever, it is important to determine the underlying cause of joint pain to prescribe appropriate treatment. Dr. S. Shyam MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DM, a rheumatologist at Kauvery Hospital, provides insights into different types of arthritis and offers guidance on treatment options and lifestyle modifications.

Types of Arthritis:

Osteoarthritis: This type of arthritis is associated with aging and joint degeneration. It results from the gradual deterioration of the cushion-like area between joint bones. Symptoms include joint pain during activities such as standing, walking, and climbing stairs. Lifestyle changes, weight reduction, exercise, and avoiding certain activities can help manage osteoarthritis.

Inflammatory Arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is a common form of inflammatory arthritis, primarily affecting middle-aged adults. Genetic, environmental, and infectious factors can contribute to its development. Symptoms include pain and swelling in small joints, typically more pronounced in the morning. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent joint damage.

Other Types of Arthritis: Spondyloarthritis, psoriasis-related arthritis, and gout (caused by high uric acid levels) are additional forms of arthritis. These conditions predominantly affect men and can occur at any age.

Treatment and Lifestyle Recommendations:

Determining the Cause: Identifying the cause of arthritis is essential for tailored treatment. Lifestyle changes, such as weight reduction for osteoarthritis patients, can help alleviate symptoms.

Medication: Painkillers may be prescribed initially, but long-term use of painkillers or steroids should be avoided due to potential side effects. Regular tests are necessary to monitor the effects of medication.

Exercise and Sleep: Regular exercise, including yoga and meditation, can be beneficial. Adequate sleep of 7 to 8 hours per night is crucial for overall health.

Dietary Habits: A low-carbohydrate diet, reduced intake of rice at dinner, avoidance of sugary foods and drinks, and a focus on vegetables, fruits, and fish can support arthritis management.

Surgical Options: Surgery may be considered for severe degeneration cases when other treatment methods are ineffective.

Consequences of Untreated Arthritis:

Untreated arthritis can lead to irreversible joint damage and affect other organs such as the eyes, heart, and lungs. Rheumatoid arthritis, if left uncontrolled, increases the risk of heart problems.

Conclusion:

Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, lifestyle modifications, and adherence to medication can help manage arthritis effectively. Seeking medical advice in the early stages and following prescribed treatments can increase the likelihood of minimizing medication reliance in the future. Physiotherapy, exercise, and maintaining an active lifestyle are important for managing arthritis and preventing further joint damage.

Dr. S. Sham MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DM
Rheumatologist, Kauvery Hospital

 

Kauvery Hospital is globally known for its multidisciplinary services at all its Centers of Excellence, and for its comprehensive, Avant-Grade technology, especially in diagnostics and remedial care in heart diseases, transplantation, vascular and neurosciences medicine. Located in the heart of Trichy (Tennur, Royal Road and Alexandria Road (Cantonment), Chennai, Hosur, Salem, Tirunelveli and Bengaluru, the hospital also renders adult and pediatric trauma care.

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